Different Filming Techniques

Filming Techniques

There are many different types of filming techniques used in the industry in order to help with continuity. An example of this is the 180 Degree Rule. This rule is used to set the scene and establish the characters in space and time in order for the view to be able to follow the plot. The 180 Degree Rule states that two characters in a scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If you don't follow the 180 Degree Rule, or break it intentionally, it disrupts the scene disorients the audience. When you break the 180 line, a person who was originally facing left in a scene is all of the sudden facing right, which can confuse the audience and make it seem like the person is talking to his/herself.

Shot/reverse shot is another type of technique used to enable the audience to determine the characters emotions. It is known as a staple of editing in dialogue sequences, and follows the principles of the 180 Degree Rule. Shot/reverse shot is a film technique wherein one character is shown looking (often off-screen) at another character, and then the other character is shown looking "back" at the first character. Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions, the viewer unconsciously assumes that they are looking at each other. The primary elements of a shot/reverse shot sequence are derived from the three camera set up. This means that there are usually three types of shot used – a long of medium shot displaying both of the characters, an over the shoulder shot over one of the characters and then an over the shoulder shot over the other character, providing the full range of appropriate angles. A match cut, also called a graphic match, is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically.

A match cut, also called a graphic match, is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically. Essentially a match cut refers to when a director cuts from one scene to a completely different scene, but keeps objects from the two scenes graphically matched so as to establish continuity and flow.

The 30 Degree Rule is rule used in film making with the purpose of creating continuity between different shots within a larger sequence of shots. When moving the camera between shots it should be moved a minimum of 25 to 30 degrees (with a maximum limit of 180 degrees) to avoid jarring transitions also known as jump cuts. This helps to seamlessly piece together a larger sequence of shots in a harmonious manner. Big transitions like this help hide small continuity differences (especially when you cut on the action) which is helpful if you’re shooting a film or documentary with only one camera.